Merge pull request 'String和stdio支持' (#2) from archzero_dev into main

Reviewed-on: http://127.0.0.1/ZeroOSProject/BetterSTL/pulls/2

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
 # 定义源文件
 set(BETTERSTL_SOURCES
         src/big_integer.cpp
-        src/big_decimal.cpp)
+        src/big_decimal.cpp
+        src/string.cpp)
 
 # 生成静态库 (.a 文件)
 add_library(BetterSTL_static STATIC ${BETTERSTL_SOURCES})
@@ -36,6 +37,16 @@ target_include_directories(BigDecimalTests PRIVATE include)
 target_link_libraries(BigDecimalTests PRIVATE BetterSTL_static)
 add_test(NAME BigDecimalTests COMMAND BigDecimalTests)
 
+add_executable(StringTests tests/StringTest.cpp)
+target_include_directories(StringTests PRIVATE include)
+target_link_libraries(StringTests PRIVATE BetterSTL_static)
+add_test(NAME StringTests COMMAND StringTests)
+
+add_executable(IOTests tests/IOTest.cpp)
+target_include_directories(IOTests PRIVATE include)
+target_link_libraries(IOTests PRIVATE BetterSTL_static)
+add_test(NAME IOTests COMMAND IOTests)
+
 # 生成导出信息用于外部使用
 install(TARGETS BetterSTL_static BetterSTL_shared
         LIBRARY DESTINATION lib

IO_SUPPORT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# BetterSTL cin/cout 支持
+
+现在三个核心类都支持标准输入输出：
+
+## BigInteger - 高精度整数
+
+```cpp
+#include <bstl/big_integer.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+bstl::BigInteger bi;
+std::cout << "Enter a large integer: ";
+std::cin >> bi;
+std::cout << "You entered: " << bi << std::endl;
+```
+
+支持任意精度的整数输入输出，不受 `long long` 限制。
+
+## BigDecimal - 高精度浮点数
+
+```cpp
+#include <bstl/big_decimal.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+bstl::BigDecimal bd;
+std::cout << "Enter a decimal number: ";
+std::cin >> bd;
+std::cout << "You entered: " << bd << std::endl;
+```
+
+支持任意精度的浮点数输入输出，精度不丢失。
+
+## String - 增强字符串
+
+```cpp
+#include <bstl/string.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+bstl::String str;
+std::cout << "Enter a word: ";
+std::cin >> str;
+std::cout << "You entered: " << str << std::endl;
+
+// 可以使用 Python 风格的方法
+std::cout << "Uppercase: " << str.upper() << std::endl;
+std::cout << "Split: ";
+auto parts = str.split("_");
+```
+
+## 使用示例
+
+编译和运行演示程序：
+
+```bash
+cd /home/archzero/C++/BetterSTL
+cmake -S . -B out/build -G Ninja
+cmake --build out/build
+
+# 运行库测试
+ctest --test-dir out/build
+
+# 运行演示（需要在终端交互）
+./out/build/IOTests
+```
+
+## 实现细节
+
+### operator<<（输出）
+- BigInteger: 通过 `toString()` 输出
+- BigDecimal: 通过 `toString()` 输出
+- String: 通过 `str()` 输出
+
+### operator>>（输入）
+- BigInteger: 读取字符串，创建新对象
+- BigDecimal: 读取字符串，创建新对象
+- String: 读取字符串，创建新对象
+
+所有运算符都定义在 `bstl` 命名空间中。
+
+## 编译链接
+
+在编译你的程序时：
+
+```bash
+g++ your_program.cpp -I/path/to/include -L/path/to/lib -lBetterSTL -o your_program
+```
+
+或者使用静态库：
+```bash
+g++ your_program.cpp -I/path/to/include /path/to/libBetterSTL.a -o your_program
+```

examples/IODemo.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <bstl/big_integer.hpp>
+#include <bstl/big_decimal.hpp>
+#include <bstl/string.hpp>
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    using bstl::BigInteger;
+    using bstl::BigDecimal;
+    using bstl::String;
+
+    std::cout << "=== BetterSTL cin/cout Demo ===\n\n";
+
+    // BigInteger 示例
+    std::cout << "BigInteger Example:\n";
+    std::cout << "Enter a large integer: ";
+    BigInteger bi;
+    std::cin >> bi;
+    std::cout << "You entered: " << bi << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Doubled: " << (bi * BigInteger(2)) << "\n\n";
+
+    // BigDecimal 示例
+    std::cout << "BigDecimal Example:\n";
+    std::cout << "Enter a decimal number: ";
+    BigDecimal bd;
+    std::cin >> bd;
+    std::cout << "You entered: " << bd << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Doubled: " << (bd * BigDecimal(2)) << "\n\n";
+
+    // String 示例
+    std::cout << "String Example:\n";
+    std::cout << "Enter a word: ";
+    String str;
+    std::cin >> str;
+    std::cout << "You entered: " << str << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Uppercase: " << str.upper() << "\n";
+    std::cout << "Lowercase: " << str.lower() << "\n\n";
+
+    std::cout << "Demo completed!\n";
+    return 0;
+}

include/bstl/big_decimal.hpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define BETTERSTL_BIG_DECIMAL_H
 
 #include <string>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <bstl/big_integer.hpp>
 
 namespace bstl {
@@ -69,6 +70,10 @@ private:
                           BigInteger& rhs, int& rhsScale);
 };
 
+// 流运算符重载
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BigDecimal& bd);
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, BigDecimal& bd);
+
 } // namespace bstl
 
 #endif //BETTERSTL_BIG_DECIMAL_H

include/bstl/big_integer.hpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define BETTERSTL_BIG_INTEGER_HPP
 
 #include <string>
+#include <iostream>
 
 namespace bstl {
 
@@ -65,6 +66,10 @@ private:
     static std::string divAbs(const std::string& a, const std::string& b);
 };
 
+// 流运算符重载
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BigInteger& bi);
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, BigInteger& bi);
+
 } // namespace bstl
 
 #endif //BETTERSTL_BIG_INTEGER_HPP

include/bstl/big_number.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef BETTERSTL_BIG_NUMBERS_HPP
 #define BETTERSTL_BIG_NUMBERS_HPP
 
-#include <bstl/biginteger.hpp>
-#include <bstl/bigdecimal.hpp>
+#include <bstl/big_integer.hpp>
+#include <bstl/big_decimal.hpp>
 
 #endif // BETTERSTL_BIG_NUMBERS_HPP

include/bstl/string.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace bstl {
+
+class String {
+public:
+    String();
+    String(const std::string& str);
+    String(const char* str);
+    String(const String& other) = default;
+    String& operator=(const String& other) = default;
+
+    // 获取标准字符串
+    std::string str() const;
+    const char* c_str() const;
+    size_t length() const;
+    size_t size() const;
+    bool empty() const;
+
+    // 获取/修改字符
+    char at(size_t pos) const;
+    char operator[](size_t pos) const;
+    char& operator[](size_t pos);
+
+    // 分割 - 按分隔符分割字符串
+    std::vector<String> split(const String& delimiter = " ") const;
+
+    // 连接 - 用分隔符连接多个字符串
+    static String join(const std::vector<String>& parts, const String& delimiter = "");
+
+    // 替换 - 替换第一个/所有匹配项
+    String replace(const String& oldStr, const String& newStr, int count = -1) const;
+
+    // 大小写转换
+    String upper() const;
+    String lower() const;
+    String capitalize() const;  // 首字母大写
+    String title() const;       // 每个单词首字母大写
+
+    // 判断函数
+    bool startswith(const String& prefix) const;
+    bool endswith(const String& suffix) const;
+    bool contains(const String& substring) const;
+    bool isdigit() const;
+    bool isalpha() const;
+    bool isalnum() const;
+    bool isspace() const;
+    bool isupper() const;
+    bool islower() const;
+
+    // 查找和计数
+    int find(const String& substring, size_t start = 0) const;
+    int rfind(const String& substring) const;  // 从后往前查找
+    int count(const String& substring) const;
+
+    // 去除空格和其他字符
+    String strip() const;           // 去除前后空格
+    String lstrip() const;          // 去除前导空格
+    String rstrip() const;          // 去除尾部空格
+    String strip(const String& chars) const;  // 去除指定字符
+
+    // 对齐和填充
+    String ljust(size_t width, char fillchar = ' ') const;
+    String rjust(size_t width, char fillchar = ' ') const;
+    String center(size_t width, char fillchar = ' ') const;
+
+    // 字符串转换
+    int toInt() const;
+    long long toLongLong() const;
+    double toDouble() const;
+
+    // 运算符重载
+    String operator+(const String& other) const;
+    String operator+(const char* str) const;
+    String& operator+=(const String& other);
+    bool operator==(const String& other) const;
+    bool operator!=(const String& other) const;
+    bool operator<(const String& other) const;
+    bool operator>(const String& other) const;
+    bool operator<=(const String& other) const;
+    bool operator>=(const String& other) const;
+
+private:
+    std::string data_;
+};
+
+// 流运算符重载
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const String& str);
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, String& str);
+
+} // namespace bstl

src/big_decimal.cpp

@@ -338,4 +338,15 @@ BigDecimal BigDecimal::round(int scale) const {
     return BigDecimal(rounded, scale);
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BigDecimal& bd) {
+    return os << bd.toString();
+}
+
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, BigDecimal& bd) {
+    std::string str;
+    is >> str;
+    bd = BigDecimal(str);
+    return is;
+}
+
 } // namespace bstl

src/big_integer.cpp

@@ -374,5 +374,16 @@ BigInteger BigInteger::operator/(const BigInteger& other) const {
     return result;
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BigInteger& bi) {
+    return os << bi.toString();
+}
+
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, BigInteger& bi) {
+    std::string str;
+    is >> str;
+    bi = BigInteger(str);
+    return is;
+}
+
 } // namespace bstl
 

src/string.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#include "bstl/string.hpp"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace bstl {
+
+String::String() : data_("") {}
+
+String::String(const std::string& str) : data_(str) {}
+
+String::String(const char* str) : data_(str == nullptr ? "" : str) {}
+
+std::string String::str() const {
+    return data_;
+}
+
+const char* String::c_str() const {
+    return data_.c_str();
+}
+
+size_t String::length() const {
+    return data_.length();
+}
+
+size_t String::size() const {
+    return data_.size();
+}
+
+bool String::empty() const {
+    return data_.empty();
+}
+
+char String::at(size_t pos) const {
+    if (pos >= data_.size()) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("String::at: index out of range");
+    }
+    return data_[pos];
+}
+
+char String::operator[](size_t pos) const {
+    return data_[pos];
+}
+
+char& String::operator[](size_t pos) {
+    return data_[pos];
+}
+
+std::vector<String> String::split(const String& delimiter) const {
+    std::vector<String> result;
+    
+    if (data_.empty()) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (delimiter.empty()) {
+        result.push_back(*this);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    size_t start = 0;
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    
+    while ((pos = data_.find(delimiter.data_, start)) != std::string::npos) {
+        result.push_back(String(data_.substr(start, pos - start)));
+        start = pos + delimiter.size();
+    }
+    
+    result.push_back(String(data_.substr(start)));
+    return result;
+}
+
+String String::join(const std::vector<String>& parts, const String& delimiter) {
+    if (parts.empty()) {
+        return String("");
+    }
+    
+    std::string result = parts[0].str();
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < parts.size(); i++) {
+        result += delimiter.str() + parts[i].str();
+    }
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::replace(const String& oldStr, const String& newStr, int count) const {
+    if (oldStr.empty()) {
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::string result = data_;
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    int replaced = 0;
+
+    while ((pos = result.find(oldStr.data_, pos)) != std::string::npos && (count < 0 || replaced < count)) {
+        result.replace(pos, oldStr.size(), newStr.str());
+        pos += newStr.size();
+        replaced++;
+    }
+
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::upper() const {
+    std::string result = data_;
+    std::transform(result.begin(), result.end(), result.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char c) { return std::toupper(c); });
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::lower() const {
+    std::string result = data_;
+    std::transform(result.begin(), result.end(), result.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::capitalize() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) {
+        return *this;
+    }
+    std::string result = data_;
+    result[0] = std::toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[0]));
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < result.size(); i++) {
+        result[i] = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i]));
+    }
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::title() const {
+    std::string result = data_;
+    bool newWord = true;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
+        if (std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i]))) {
+            newWord = true;
+        } else {
+            if (newWord) {
+                result[i] = std::toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i]));
+                newWord = false;
+            } else {
+                result[i] = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+bool String::startswith(const String& prefix) const {
+    if (prefix.size() > data_.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return data_.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix.data_) == 0;
+}
+
+bool String::endswith(const String& suffix) const {
+    if (suffix.size() > data_.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return data_.compare(data_.size() - suffix.size(), suffix.size(), suffix.data_) == 0;
+}
+
+bool String::contains(const String& substring) const {
+    return data_.find(substring.data_) != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+bool String::isdigit() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) return false;
+    for (unsigned char c : data_) {
+        if (!std::isdigit(c)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool String::isalpha() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) return false;
+    for (unsigned char c : data_) {
+        if (!std::isalpha(c)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool String::isalnum() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) return false;
+    for (unsigned char c : data_) {
+        if (!std::isalnum(c)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool String::isspace() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) return false;
+    for (unsigned char c : data_) {
+        if (!std::isspace(c)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool String::isupper() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) return false;
+    for (unsigned char c : data_) {
+        if (std::isalpha(c) && !std::isupper(c)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool String::islower() const {
+    if (data_.empty()) return false;
+    for (unsigned char c : data_) {
+        if (std::isalpha(c) && !std::islower(c)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+int String::find(const String& substring, size_t start) const {
+    size_t pos = data_.find(substring.data_, start);
+    return pos == std::string::npos ? -1 : static_cast<int>(pos);
+}
+
+int String::rfind(const String& substring) const {
+    size_t pos = data_.rfind(substring.data_);
+    return pos == std::string::npos ? -1 : static_cast<int>(pos);
+}
+
+int String::count(const String& substring) const {
+    if (substring.empty()) return 0;
+    int count = 0;
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    while ((pos = data_.find(substring.data_, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        count++;
+        pos += substring.size();
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+String String::strip() const {
+    size_t start = 0;
+    size_t end = data_.size();
+
+    while (start < end && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(data_[start]))) {
+        start++;
+    }
+    while (end > start && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(data_[end - 1]))) {
+        end--;
+    }
+
+    return String(data_.substr(start, end - start));
+}
+
+String String::lstrip() const {
+    size_t start = 0;
+    while (start < data_.size() && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(data_[start]))) {
+        start++;
+    }
+    return String(data_.substr(start));
+}
+
+String String::rstrip() const {
+    size_t end = data_.size();
+    while (end > 0 && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(data_[end - 1]))) {
+        end--;
+    }
+    return String(data_.substr(0, end));
+}
+
+String String::strip(const String& chars) const {
+    size_t start = 0;
+    size_t end = data_.size();
+
+    while (start < end && chars.data_.find(data_[start]) != std::string::npos) {
+        start++;
+    }
+    while (end > start && chars.data_.find(data_[end - 1]) != std::string::npos) {
+        end--;
+    }
+
+    return String(data_.substr(start, end - start));
+}
+
+String String::ljust(size_t width, char fillchar) const {
+    if (data_.size() >= width) {
+        return *this;
+    }
+    std::string result = data_;
+    result.append(width - data_.size(), fillchar);
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::rjust(size_t width, char fillchar) const {
+    if (data_.size() >= width) {
+        return *this;
+    }
+    std::string result(width - data_.size(), fillchar);
+    result.append(data_);
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+String String::center(size_t width, char fillchar) const {
+    if (data_.size() >= width) {
+        return *this;
+    }
+    size_t totalPad = width - data_.size();
+    size_t leftPad = totalPad / 2;
+    size_t rightPad = totalPad - leftPad;
+    std::string result(leftPad, fillchar);
+    result.append(data_);
+    result.append(rightPad, fillchar);
+    return String(result);
+}
+
+int String::toInt() const {
+    return std::stoi(data_);
+}
+
+long long String::toLongLong() const {
+    return std::stoll(data_);
+}
+
+double String::toDouble() const {
+    return std::stod(data_);
+}
+
+String String::operator+(const String& other) const {
+    return String(data_ + other.data_);
+}
+
+String String::operator+(const char* str) const {
+    return String(data_ + (str == nullptr ? "" : str));
+}
+
+String& String::operator+=(const String& other) {
+    data_ += other.data_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+bool String::operator==(const String& other) const {
+    return data_ == other.data_;
+}
+
+bool String::operator!=(const String& other) const {
+    return data_ != other.data_;
+}
+
+bool String::operator<(const String& other) const {
+    return data_ < other.data_;
+}
+
+bool String::operator>(const String& other) const {
+    return data_ > other.data_;
+}
+
+bool String::operator<=(const String& other) const {
+    return data_ <= other.data_;
+}
+
+bool String::operator>=(const String& other) const {
+    return data_ >= other.data_;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const String& str) {
+    return os << str.str();
+}
+
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, String& str) {
+    std::string temp;
+    is >> temp;
+    str = String(temp);
+    return is;
+}
+
+} // namespace bstl

tests/IOTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <bstl/big_integer.hpp>
+#include <bstl/big_decimal.hpp>
+#include <bstl/string.hpp>
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    using bstl::BigInteger;
+    using bstl::BigDecimal;
+    using bstl::String;
+
+    // 测试 BigInteger 的 cout
+    BigInteger bi1("12345678901234567890");
+    std::ostringstream oss1;
+    oss1 << bi1;
+    assert(oss1.str() == "12345678901234567890");
+
+    // 测试 BigInteger 的 cin
+    std::istringstream iss1("987654321");
+    BigInteger bi2;
+    iss1 >> bi2;
+    assert(bi2.toString() == "987654321");
+
+    // 测试负数
+    std::istringstream iss2("-555");
+    BigInteger bi3;
+    iss2 >> bi3;
+    assert(bi3.toString() == "-555");
+
+    // 测试 BigDecimal 的 cout
+    BigDecimal bd1("123.45");
+    std::ostringstream oss2;
+    oss2 << bd1;
+    assert(oss2.str() == "123.45");
+
+    // 测试 BigDecimal 的 cin
+    std::istringstream iss3("67.89");
+    BigDecimal bd2;
+    iss3 >> bd2;
+    assert(bd2.toString() == "67.89");
+
+    // 测试负小数
+    std::istringstream iss4("-12.34");
+    BigDecimal bd3;
+    iss4 >> bd3;
+    assert(bd3.toString() == "-12.34");
+
+    // 测试 String 的 cout
+    String s1("Hello World");
+    std::ostringstream oss3;
+    oss3 << s1;
+    assert(oss3.str() == "Hello World");
+
+    // 测试 String 的 cin
+    std::istringstream iss5("HelloWorld");
+    String s2;
+    iss5 >> s2;
+    assert(s2.str() == "HelloWorld");
+
+    std::cout << "All cin/cout tests passed!\n";
+    return 0;
+}

tests/StringTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include <bstl/string.hpp>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    using bstl::String;
+
+    // 基本构造和获取
+    String s1("Hello, World!");
+    assert(s1.length() == 13);
+    assert(s1.c_str() == std::string("Hello, World!"));
+
+    // split 分割
+    String s2("apple,banana,cherry");
+    auto parts = s2.split(",");
+    assert(parts.size() == 3);
+    assert(parts[0] == String("apple"));
+    assert(parts[1] == String("banana"));
+    assert(parts[2] == String("cherry"));
+
+    // join 连接
+    std::vector<String> words = {String("Hello"), String("World")};
+    String joined = String::join(words, " ");
+    assert(joined == String("Hello World"));
+
+    // replace 替换
+    String s3("hello hello world");
+    String replaced = s3.replace("hello", "hi");
+    assert(replaced == String("hi hi world"));
+
+    String replaced1 = s3.replace("hello", "hi", 1);
+    assert(replaced1 == String("hi hello world"));
+
+    // upper/lower
+    String s4("HeLLo WoRLd");
+    assert(s4.upper() == String("HELLO WORLD"));
+    assert(s4.lower() == String("hello world"));
+
+    // capitalize
+    String s5("hello");
+    assert(s5.capitalize() == String("Hello"));
+
+    // title
+    String s6("hello world");
+    assert(s6.title() == String("Hello World"));
+
+    // startswith/endswith
+    String s7("hello.txt");
+    assert(s7.startswith("hello"));
+    assert(s7.endswith(".txt"));
+    assert(!s7.startswith(".txt"));
+
+    // contains
+    assert(s7.contains("llo"));
+    assert(!s7.contains("xyz"));
+
+    // isdigit/isalpha/isalnum
+    assert(String("12345").isdigit());
+    assert(!String("123a").isdigit());
+    assert(String("abc").isalpha());
+    assert(!String("abc1").isalpha());
+    assert(String("abc123").isalnum());
+
+    // isupper/islower
+    assert(String("HELLO").isupper());
+    assert(String("hello").islower());
+    assert(!String("Hello").isupper());
+
+    // find/rfind/count
+    assert(s2.find("banana") == 6);
+    assert(s2.find("xyz") == -1);
+    assert(s3.count("hello") == 2);
+
+    // strip
+    String s8("  hello world  ");
+    assert(s8.strip() == String("hello world"));
+    assert(s8.lstrip() == String("hello world  "));
+    assert(s8.rstrip() == String("  hello world"));
+
+    // ljust/rjust/center
+    String s9("hi");
+    assert(s9.ljust(5, '.') == String("hi..."));
+    assert(s9.rjust(5, '.') == String("...hi"));
+    assert(s9.center(5, '.') == String(".hi.."));
+
+    // 字符串转换
+    assert(String("123").toInt() == 123);
+    assert(String("456789").toLongLong() == 456789);
+    assert(String("3.14").toDouble() == 3.14);
+
+    // 运算符
+    String sa("Hello");
+    String sb(" World");
+    String sc = sa + sb;
+    assert(sc == String("Hello World"));
+
+    sa += sb;
+    assert(sa == String("Hello World"));
+
+    // 比较
+    assert(String("abc") < String("def"));
+    assert(String("xyz") > String("abc"));
+
+    std::cout << "All String tests passed!\n";
+    return 0;
+}